Rural Health Transformation Initiative-Statewide Analysis

 Rural Health Transformation Program

As promised, this is the follow-up to this month’s article on the vulnerability of hospitals across the United States because of the federal Medicaid cutbacks. (Winter, 2026)This article reviews all fifty abstracts submitted to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid for the Rural Health Transformation grants. (Centers for Medicare and Medicaid, 2026) Rural healthcare does impact about half of the U.S. population, and it is difficult to resource because of population and geographical limitations.

As a plaster to the hemorrhaging from the trillion-dollar Medicaid reduction at the federal level, the Trump Administration is offering a one-time 50-billion-dollar five-year federal grant administered by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid. All state submissions for the RHI grants were reviewed. Many states did not provide any specific details on how they intend to use the funds, measurable targets, or other details. Further, states which are not rural, such as Delaware, applied for the grant, it would be more prudent to allocate funds based on the proportion of state population that is actually rural. States which did not provide detailed proposals for use of the RHI Grants such as measurable targets and budgets for programs included: Connecticut, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Maryland, New York, Oklahoma, South Carolina South Dakota, Texas, and Utah.

After reading the proposals for each state, the most interesting proposals include:

1.       Maine tied its grant request to achievement of specific patient health outcomes

2.       Proposals to build more patient care capacity by loosening licensure for pharmacists, physician assistants, and community health workers.

3.       Investment in school-based health centers, yes to school nurses and counselors

4.       Establishing regional rural care collaborations, for data sharing and resourcing

5.       Creative proposals on non-urgent medical transport and mobile clinics

Best In Class-States which submitted concrete proposals and budgets for ways to improve rural health care include; Hawaii, Iowa, Nevada, New Mexico, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, and Wyoming. The table below highlights each state’s summary response to the request for a proposal for the RHT grant funding.

State	Grant Proposal
Alabama	Focused on maternal & fetal health, digital obstetric aids, telerobotic ultrasounds, increase rural training pipelines through simulation programs, mobile cancer screening
Alaska	Pay for value-promoting fiscally sustainable programs, payment innovation, Healthy Beginnings- to support maternal and child health
Arizona	Subsidizing EMR licensing, leveraging shared networks, reducing back office overhead(staff)
Arkansas	Improved coordination of care access through PACT
California	Create regional hub and spoke networks, OB Nest for prenatal & remote patient monitoring
Colorado	Pledged to run the RHI program and keep administrative costs below 3%, light on details
Connecticut	Generic proposal, no specific targets or budgets
Delaware	Create a state-run medical school with a primary rural healthcare track, train here-stay here, expand medical students, PA’s, NPs, and community health workers
Florida	Improve access for urban-led rural health centers, paramedicine using tele-health for remote monitoring, lifestyle focused initiatives
Georgia	Generic proposal, no specific targets or budgets
Hawaii	Create-statewide digital connection, expand EMS services, community paramedics, expand medical model for post-acute care, allocation of a fund for innovative value-based care models
Idaho	Generic proposal, no specific targets or budgets
Illinois	Generic proposal, no specific targets or budgets
Indiana	60% of funding to be allocated to regional grants
Kansas	Accountable food partnership, remote patient monitoring services, new transportation models, cost effective reforms
Kentucky	41.6% of population is rural-Expand the number of clinical and nonclinical rural healthcare workers, telehealth, community-based teams, strengthen EMS
Louisianna	Strengthen collaboration among rural hospitals, clinics, EMS, behavioral health, and allied professional networks
Maine	Set performance target for 75% of rural hospitals to achieve operating margins for solvency, reduce hospital re-admission rate by 10%, increase population with controlled-blood-pressure by 10%, reduce the population of adults delaying medical care by 10%
Maryland	Generic proposal, no specific targets or budgets
Massachusetts	7 initiatives including; expand payment methodologies to incorporate value of care and lower cost, support community informed prevention, address gaps in healthcare system
Michigan	Reduce gaps I care through care models that help keep residents close to home
Minnesota	Strengthen & stabilize rural providers through earn-while-you-learn programs-capital investments, sustained access to services
Mississippi	Close the gap between EMS, care management, and value of care
Missouri	Create regional hubs to enhance care coordination, alternative payment methods, modernize operations infrastructure
Montana	Sustainability through partnerships and restructuring, innovative care delivery models to improve access and outcomes
Nebraska	Regionalized rural access hubs, workforce acceleration partnerships, with NE Hospital Assoc, universities, community colleges
Nevada	Leverage physician extenders, 47% of the grant to create a flex fund to bolster modernization of rural systems; 44% to address gaps in workforce funding-education, certification
New Hampshire	Enhance care coordination, reducing use of acute care (ED) setting for care delivery
New Jersey	NJ has a million rural residents-Investing in mobile health care
New Mexico	Established budget for the grant for all criteria including; 31% awarded for community-led efforts, 20% for creation of a rural health sustainability center including technical assistance, operational support, creation of a rural data hub
New York	Only 10% of the population is rural, nothing specific in budgeting RHI initiatives
North Carolina	Catalyze innovative care models, improve patient screening tools, expand behavioral health and substance abuse treatment, create a value-based payment system, deployment of A/I to support real-time clinical decisions, documentation
North Dakota	Established budgets for all components-58% of RHI grant is geared toward transforming care models through mobile clinics, telehealth hubs, enhanced remote patient monitoring
Ohio	Rural health hub, school-based health centers, mobile clinics for vision, hearing, dental care, transformation of emergency care, funding to train rural healthcare workers with 5-year commitments of service, targeted outcome-20% increase in rural healthcare workers by 2031
Oklahoma	No specific budgets for value-based care, regional collaboration, data driven healthcare delivery
Oregon	33% of population is rural-Oregon Healthcare Authority will lead the program; Phase I grant awards will go to community projects that can be completed in two years, Phase II will address longer term collaborations to improve rural health
Pennsylvania	Creates 8 rural care collaboratives, provides upfront scholarships, housing assistance, investments in rural health pipeline, data analytic support for digital care models, dental care through a special care dental center at a state hospital, analysis of alternative payment models
Rhode Island	13 initiatives including: clinical care hubs, expand rural EMS service, community paramedicine, 24X& crisis stabilization center, state sponsored electronic medical record system, triage for tele-dentistry
South Carolina	Generic proposal, no specific targets or budgets, establishing mobile crisis units, rural health system facility upgrades
South Dakota	Implementation of statewide community behavioral health clinics, exploration of new Medicaid payment models
Tennessee	Up to 500 million offered in competitive awards to strengthen rural healthcare-championed by the governor, another 125 million will go to investments in rural hospitals
Texas	No specific budgets outlined, initiatives include; Lonestar advanced A/I telehealth, unified care infrastructure investment
Utah	77% of the state is rural-Program to be run by Department of Health & Human Services for state-no specific budget targets, focused on workforce development and technology innovation
Vermont	Grants will be distributed based on regionalization and care innovation strategies; increasing scope of practice for licensure of physician extenders, pricing transparency and insurance competition (this one has me stumped, insurance companies are not fighting over rural health care)
Virginia	Allocates 28% of total RHI grant to early-stage health technology startups for remote patient monitoring, 13% to fund rural health residencies, 41% to fund hub and spoke models for community health, improved maternal health, mobile health clinics, paramedicine
Washington	Grants to be awarded to public and nonprofit entities; including The Rural Health Redesign Center, The Rural Collaborative, Dept of Health, DSDS, state hospital association, and the University of Washington-no specific budgets listed
West Virginia	Integrating digital and in-person care, connecting community transportation with healthcare, updating payment & data tools, improved care management-no specific budgets listed
Wisconsin	Grant awards-33% to fund and finance health workers, 32% for telehealth innovation, 27% to partnerships transforming care
Wyoming	The least populated state had a very robust response in these priorities:  1) 48% of grant used for critical access hospitals/emergency care 2) Incentivizing small ambulance companies for regional consolidation  3) Create an affordable medical plan for people priced out of insurance  4) 25% of the grant to increase healthcare workforce by loosening scope of practice limitations for PA’s, dental hygienists, pharmacists 5) With 16% of grant allocated between creation of statewide telepsychiatry and crisis intervention program 6) Care management and coordination of nonemergency transportation for patients with chronic diseases

 Wyoming deserves a gold star, not only for their methodology, but their community assessment, and the responsiveness of their RHT grant proposal. The least populated state had one of the most impressive abstracts. My only concern is the target to limit administrative costs for the grant awards to under 1% when 3% is more standard.

It is important to note these are the abstract submissions, which simply means the state is interested in receiving the Rural Health Transformation funding. Full blown proposals and reporting requirements will be made public at some point.

And this is the healthpolicymaven signing off, encouraging you not to sign blanket releases when you agree to an inpatient procedure, do stipulate that for which you agree and decline, based on your medical directive. This article was written by Roberta Winter who received no compensation from any sector for the post.

References

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid. (2026, September 17). RHT Program State Project Abstracts. Retrieved from Centers for Medicare and Medicaid.gov: https://www.cms.gov/files/document/rht-program-state-provided-abstracts.pdf

Winter, R. E. (2026, September 2). Trump Administration Healthcare Cuts-State By State Analysis of Hospital Viability. Retrieved from healthpolicymaven.blogspot.com: https://healthpolicymaven.blogspot.com/2026/09/trump-administration-healthcare-cuts.html

 

Trump Administration Healthcare Cuts-State By State Analysis of Hospital Viability

 

Trump Administration Medicaid Cuts-State-by-State Analysis and Introduction to 

the Rural Healthcare Transformation Initiative

The “One Big Beautiful Bill Act” gutted tax subsidies for individuals getting medical insurance through the Affordable Care Act insurance exchanges, cut Medicaid spending, and gutted many other healthcare programs. Totals cuts were a trillion dollars. (119th United States Congress, 2025) This has been replaced by an information initiative called the Rural Healthcare Transformation Program, which provides 50 billion in state grants, for five years with no continuity of funding. (Centers for Medicaid and Medicare, 2026) And the entire bill is for health promotion, technical support, and training, but no additional funding to actually pay for medical care for patients, whose Medicaid benefits were obliterated.  For example, the 93 million that was awarded to Georgia rural hospitals, provides telehealth support, recruitment money for EMT and other medical professionals, and surgical robotics. (Centers for Medicare and Medicaid, 2026)

Rebuttal to the value of the Rural Healthcare Initiative

First of all, small rural hospitals do not perform enough complex surgeries to afford a surgical robot, which is inappropriate for many procedures. Secondly, money for recruitment of medical professionals, would be better spent to increase the viability of the hospitals in their communities. Further, if the Trump Administration wants to increase clinical professionals, it should reinstate the Biden Administration’s accelerated training programs for nurses, for which there is a critical shortage. Instead, under the abominable “One Big Beautiful Bill Act”, the Trump Administration and the Republic Congress restricted funding for nurses, physician assistants, and social workers. (Reit, 2025) Under the new student loan program cuts, the Trump Administration in all of its Conan-the-Barbarian acuity, reclassified a number of healthcare degrees as “nonprofessional” to avoid funding them. (Reit, 2025)

The funding for this rural health bill will end up in the pockets of healthcare consultants. Given that rural hospitals are much more likely to close than urban or suburban facilities, the Trump Administration and the Republic Congressional majority further endangered these vital healthcare arteries through Medicaid and other funding cuts.

Chart shows proportion of lost funding, to Rural Healthcare Transformation stipend

Hospitals Which Are Likely to Close Due to Medicaid Cutbacks

Medicaid cuts have begun, given the signing of the One Big Beautiful Bill Act on July 4, 2025, which cuts 911 billion from Medicaid and the Children’s Health Insurance Fund. (119th Congress, 2026) The latter, of which, has been universally supported by both Democrats and Republicans since its inception in 1997, under the Balanced Budget Act.  The Trump Administration choose to cut human services, to finance tax cuts for billionaires, fund his unconstitutional wars, and ego projects.  A 2025 study by the Government Accountability Office found only half of U.S. hospitals are in urban areas (Government Accountability Office, 2025) and all of the trauma centers. Given these facilities provide critical regional services, further eroding their margins for viability will result in more deaths. The Medicaid cuts threaten 446 hospitals with closure, half of which are critical access facilities, urban trauma centers, and often the only hospital in their area. Public Citizen, a nonprofit advocacy group, analyzed hospital data to determine the following factors which would indicate increased risk of closure:

·       Payor-mix with at least 20% of low-income or Medicaid patients

·       Hospitals with three years or more of negative margins-net losses

·       Safety-net or critical hospital status

States with over 25% of hospitals which are likely to close because of the draconian Trump cuts are; Connecticut, California, Massachusetts, New York, and Washington. (Public Citizen-Big Ugly Threat, 2026)

For example, in Washington, nearly all of the hospitals vulnerable to closure, are in the Congressional Districts of Mike Baumgartner and Dan Newhouse, both Republicans who voted for the Medicaid cuts. Since it is a midterm election year, state advocacy organizations should crosswalk this increased danger to their hospital safety nets by the elected officials who are responsible for the damage.

 Here are the hospitals which are vulnerable to closure in Washington State

Facility	Location	Type of Organization	Notes
Eastern Washington
Ferry County Memorial Hospital	Republic	Public hospital	Only hospital in their area
North Valley Hospital	Tonasket	Public hospital	24 miles to Omak which has a hospital
Mid Valley Hospital	Omak	Public hospital	24 miles to Brewster which has a hospital
Coulee Medical Center	Grand Coulee	Public hospital	Only hospital in their area
Odessa Memorial	Odessa	Public hospital	Only hospital in their area
Garfield Memorial	Pomeroy	Public hospital	Over 30 miles to any other hospital
Valley Hospital  Medical Center	Spokane	Multi-care facility, with 13 hospitals, nonprofit	Urban area
Providence St. Joseph’s	Chewelah	Providence facility-a 51-hospital conglomerate in 7 states	Suburban area
Providence Holy Family	Spokane	Providence facility-a 51-hospital conglomerate in 7 states	Urban area
Dayton General Hospital	Dayton	Public Hospital	Closest hospitals are 30 miles away
Whitman Hospital and Medical Center	Colfax	Public Hospital	Only hospital in the area
Kadlec Regional Medical Center	Richland	Providence facility-a 51-hospital conglomerate in 7 states	Urban area
Trios Health	Kennewick	Part of Life-Point, for profit	Urban area
Othello Community Hospital	Othello	Public hospital	Only hospital in their area, 111 miles to Spokane
Western WA
Grays Harbor Community	Grays Harbor/Aberdeen	Public Hospital	Only hospital in their area, 47 miles to Olympia
Highline MC	Highline	Common Spirit, NP	Suburban Seattle
St. Francis Hospital	Federal Way	Common Spirit, NP	Suburban Seattle

 Using the nonprofit, Public Citizen’s hospital viability model, here is the short list for at-risk hospitals across the nation. This list is not meant to be conclusive, but to provide a snapshot of at-risk facilities. Communities need their hospitals and when one closes, the community loses jobs, population, as well as health care. Nationally, the U.S. has a hospital bed shortage as well as a shortage of clinicians, especially those providing obstetrics, pediatrics, and family medicine, which includes Nurse Practitioners.

State	Hospitals at risk of closure
Alaska	Fairbanks Memorial, Ketchican Medical
Arizona	Banner Goldfield MC, Carondelet St. Mary’s MC
Arkansas	Baptist Health Medical Center, Crossridge Community Hospital
Alabama	Hale County Hospital, Hill Hospital of Sumpter, Grove Hill Memorial
California	Mad River Community Hosp, Adventist Health: Mendocino, Lodi, & Rideout, Shasta Regional Medical Center, Banner Lassen MC, Biggs-Gridley Memorial, Glenn MC, St. Joseph Hospital, Healdsburg Hospital, Santa Rosa Memorial, Regional MC of San Jose, Watsonville Community Hosp, Northern & Southern Inyo Hospitals, Ridgecrest Regional, St, Agnes MC, Sierra View Medical Center, Delano Regional MC, Goaling Reg MC, Methodist Hosp of Sacramento, Sutter Delta MC & Solano County, Watsonville Community, Coalinga Regional MC, Ventura County MC, Palmdale Regional, El Centro Regional MC, Pioneers Memorial, Tri-city MC-San Dimas, Orange County Global and Anaheim Global, Pacifica Hospital of the Valley
Connecticut	Bridgeport Hospital, Charlotte Hungerford, Rockford General, Saint Vincent’s Medical Center, Day-Kimball MC
Colorado	East Morgan County Hospital, St. Elizabeth Hospital, Platte Valley Medical Center, UC Health-Grandview Hospital, St. Vincent General Hospital, Prowers Medical Center, St. Mary Corwin, North Colorado Medical Center
Delaware	Bay Health Hospital-Sussex, Nanticoke Memorial Hospital
Florida	Lakeside MC, Baptist Health-Homestead Hosp,
Georgia	No hospitals at risk of closure
Hawaii	Wahiawa General, Molakai General, Kona Community Hosp
Idaho	St. Lukes-Magic Valley Regional, Grove Creek MC, Cassia Regional Hospital
Indianna	Marion General Hosp, IU Health-Frankfurt, Green County General Hosp, Daviess Community Hosp, Harrison County Hosp, Clark Memorial Hosp, Dekatur County Hosp, Lutheran Downtown Hosp, Putnam County Hosp
Illinois	Hoopestown Community Memorial Hosp, OSF Sacred Heart MC, Presence St. Joseph MC, St. Mary’s Decatur, St. John’s Hosp, Fairfield Memorial, Deaconess Illinois Crossroads, Iroquois Memorial, Methodist Hospitals-Gary
Iowa	MercyOne Olewein MC, Attumwa Regional HC
Kansas	Stanton County Hospital
Kentucky	St. Claire MC, Marcum & Wallace, Taylor Regional, Logan Memorial Hosp, Jennie Stuart MC, Cumberland County Hosp, Our Lady of the Way, Tug Valley ARH,
Louisianna	New Orleans East, North Louisianna MC, Lane Regional, The General-Baton Rouge, Acadia MC, Mercy Regional MC, Winn Parish MC
Maine	St. Mary’s Regional, Penobscott Bay MC
Maryland	Medstar Franklin MC
Massachusetts	North Adams Regional, Cambridge Health Alliance, Baystate Franklin and Wing hospitals, Northshore Medical Center, The Mercy, Springfield, Lawerence Hosp,
Michigan	Aspirus Iron River Hosp, Ascension Hospitals-Borgess-Lee & McComb Oakland, Harper Hutzel-Detroit, Hillsdale
Minnesota	Lakewood HC-Baudette, Range Regional HC, St. Gabriels-Common Spirit, Mayo Clinic-Albert Lee
Mississippi	Northwest MS Regional MC, Bolivar MC, Baptist MC-Yazoo, Central MS MC, Biloxi Regional MC
Missouri	Lafayette Regional HC, Nevada Regional MC, Mercy St. Franics, Texas County Memorial, Mercy Baptist-Sullivan, Uinon County Hospital, Missouri Delta MC,
Montana	Granite County MC, Garfield County HC, Big Horn Hospital
Nebraska	No hospitals at risk of closure
Nevada	Humboldt General Hosp, Pershing General Hosp, Grover C. Dils MC, Exceptional Healthcare-Bullhead City
New Hampshire	No hospitals at risk of closure
New Jersey	Inspire Medical Center, Vineland, Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, Capital Health Regional Medical Center, St. Michael’s Medical Center, Bayonne MC, Trinitas Hospital
New Mexico	Union County General, Covenant Health-Hobbs, Roosevelt General, Artesia General, Sierra Vista Hosp
New York	Claxton-Hepburn MC, Cuba Memorial Hosp, Unity Hosp-Rochester, North Shore MC, Nathan Littauer Hosp, Columbia Memorial Hosp, Garret Health MC, Bon Secours Community Hosp, St. Johns Riverside, Staten Island University Hosp, St. Lukes Cornwall Hosp, Margaretville Hosp, Carthage Hosp, Rome Memorial Hosp, Newark-Wayne Hosp, Strong Memorial Hosp, Bertrand Chaffee Hosp, UHS Hospitals, Clifton Fine HC, Montefiore-Nyak Hosp, Schuyler Hosp, Margaretville Hosp
North Carolina	Central Carolina Hosp, S.E. Regional MC, The McDowell Hosp
North Dakota	No hospitals at risk of closure
Ohio	UH Conneaut MC, Euclid Hosp, Mercy Regional MC, Twin City Hosp, Mary Rutan MC, Greene Memorial Hosp, Coshocton Regional MC
Oklahoma	Elkview General, Great Plains Regional, Mcalester Regional HC, Haskell Regional MC, Sequoya County, Hillcrest Hosp, Nowata HC, Southwestern MC
Oregon	Lagacy Mount Hood MC, Providence Willamette Falls MC, Samaritan Albany General, Bay Area Hosp-Coos Bay, Three Rivers MC-Grants Pass, Harney District Hospital, Silverton Hosp, Salem Hosp, Willamette Valley MC
Pennsylvania	Bucktail MC, UPMC Greene, Highlands Hospital
Rhode Island	Our Lady of Fatima-Providence
South Carolina	Prisma Health-Richland Hosp
South Dakota	Bennett County Hospital
Tennessee	West TN Healthcare, Haywood County Community Hosp, Regional One Health-Memphis, Hawkins County Memorial Hospital
Texas	Santa Rosa HC-San Antonio, Covenant Hospital-Levelland, St. Joseph MC-Houston
Utah	No hospitals at risk of closure
Vermont	North Country Hospital and Medical Center
Virginia	VCU Health Tappahannock Hosp, Southern Virginia Regional MC, Halifax Regional Hosp, Community Memorial Hosp, Twin County Regional Hosp, Southside Community Hosp
Washington	Refer to granular analysis earlier in the article
West Virginia	Mon Marion Neighborhood, Greenbrier Valley MC, Summers County, Raleigh General, Becky Art, Welch Common Hosp, Logan General MC,
Wisconsin	Wheaton Franciscan Healthcare, Ascension Columbia St. Mary’s, St. Joseph’s Hospital-Chippewa Falls
Wyoming	No hospitals at risk of closure

 Survivors of the Trump Guillotine-Drug Treatment Programs

Postmortem on the healthcare entities that managed to avoid the Trump Administration budget cuts, thanks to members of Congress objections, who reversed the Trump cuts within 24 hours. Here is the short-list: mental health and drug addiction treatment programs, youth overdose prevention programs, treatment for opioid addiction, addiction programs for homeless populations, and some mental health services.

Further Budget Cuts Proposed for Healthcare Funding

The Trump Administration has proposed 10 billion in cuts to public health infrastructure, programs, and research in its 2027 Federal Budget (Drug Policy.org, 2026)

1.  National Institutes of Health-5 billion stripped from addiction research, which is a critical pathway for new drug treatment development

2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-3 billion carved from drug treatment prevention, addiction recovery services, and community-based prevention programs

3. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Treatment Services (SAMHSA)-753 million gouged from programs for drug addiction treatment and mental health services

4. Since much of drug treatment is paid by Medicaid, the one TRILLION dollars the Trump Administration has cut from this program will probably close 400 more hospitals.

Given the starkness of the cuts for hospital reimbursements, student loans for nursing and other healthcare professionals, and public health agency funding this is the battle cry to get politically active, because the health of your children and grandchildren depends on it. Please share this article with your elected officials and those who are seeking election.  

And this is the healthpolicymaven signing off, encouraging you NOT to sign blanket release forms when you are entering a hospital, do stipulate that for which you agree and that for which you decline, especially in terms of end-of-life procedures.

The opinions expressed in this article are those of freelance journalist, Roberta E. Winter, who receives no monies from any sector of the U.S. healthcare system. This column has been published since 2007.

References

119th Congress. (2026, July 4). The One Big Beautiful Bill Act. Retrieved from United States Congress: https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1

119th United States Congress. (2025, July 4). HR 1-Budget Reconciliation Bill 2025-2026. Retrieved from United States Congress: www.congress.gov

(2025). Retrieved from Government Accountability Office.

Centers for Medicaid and Medicare. (2026, August 29). Rural Healthcare Transformation In America. Retrieved from Rural Healthcare Transformation Program: https://www.medicaid.gov/resources-for-states/rural-health

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid. (2026, September 2). Trump Administration Announces $93.3 Million to Expand Telehealth Services, Advance Surgical Robotics and Transform Rural Healthcare Access Across Georgia. Retrieved from CMS.gov Press Release: https://www.cms.gov/newsroom/press-releases/trump-administration-announces-93-3-million-expand-telehealth-services-advance-surgical-robotics

Drug Policy.org. (2026). Federal Cuts Threaten Overdose Prevention. Drug Policy.org. Retrieved August 27, 2026, from https://drugpolicy.org/resource/federal-cuts-threaten-overdose-prevention/

Public Citizen-Big Ugly Threat. (2026, August 27). Retrieved from Public Citizen.org: https://www.citizen.org/article/big-ugly-threat/

Reit, E. V. (2025, November 21). Nursing Is No Longer Considered Professional Degree Under Trumap Administration New Bill. Retrieved from NYTV.com: https://www.wwnytv.com/2025/11/21/nursing-is-no-longer-considered-professional-degree-by-trump-administration-under-new-bill/